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Linkages between cigarette smoking outcome expectancies and negative emotional vulnerability Kirsten A. Johnson a, Michael J. Zvolensky a,⁎, Erin C. Marshall a, Adam Gonzalez a, Kenneth Abrams b, Anka A. Vujanovic a a The University of Vermont, United States b Carleton College, United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t The present investigation examined whether smoking outcome expectancies, as measured by the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (SCQ; [Brandon, T.H., & Baker, T.B., (1991). The Smoking Consequences Questionnaire: The subjective expected utility of smoking in college students. Psychological Assessment, 3, 484–491.]), were incrementally related to emotional vulnerability factors among an adult sample of 202 daily cigarette smokers (44.6% women; Mage=23.78 years, SD=9.69 years). After controlling for cigarettes smoked/day, past 30-day marijuana use, current alcohol consumption, and coping style, negative reinforcement/negative affect reduction outcome expectancies were significantly associated with greater levels of negative affectivity, emotional dysregulation, and anxiety sensitivity. The observed effects for negative reinforcement/negative affect reduction also were independent of shared variance with other outcome expectancies. Negative personal consequences outcome expectancies were significantly and incrementally related to anxiety sensitivity, but not negative affectivity or emotional dysregulation. Findings are discussed in terms of the role of negative reinforcement/ negative affect reduction smoking outcome expectancies and clinically-relevant negative emotional vulnerability for better understanding cigarette smoking-negative mood problems. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Cigarette smoking Outcome expectancies Emotional vulnerability Negative affectivity Emotional dysregulation Anxiety sensitivity 1. Introduction There is a recent and increasingly well-documented association between cigarette smoking and depressive and anxiety symptoms and disorders (Morrell & Cohen, 2006; Morissette, Tull, Gulliver, Kamholz, & Zimering, 2007; Patton et al.,1998). Indeed, epidemiological (Grant, Hasin, Chou, Stinson, & Dawson, 2004; Lasser et al., 2000), community (Hayward, Killen, & Taylor, 1989) and clinical (Himle, Thyer, & Fischer, 1988; McCabe et al., 2004; Pohl, Yeragani, Balon, Lycaki, & McBride, 1992) studies have found that daily cigarette smoking is more common among those with anxiety and depressive psychopathology compared to those without such problems. Other studies have found that smoking, particularly at higher rates, increases the risk for developing and maintaining clinically-significant anxiety and depressive symptoms (Breslau & Klein, 1999; Breslau, Novak, & Kessler, 2004; Goodwin, Lewinsohn, & Seeley, 2005; Isensee, Wittchen, Stein, Höfler, & Lieb, 2003; Johnson et al., 2000; Korhonen et al., 2007; McLeish, Zvolensky, & Bucossi, 2007; Steuber & Banner, 2006). There is also evidence to suggest daily smokers experiencing high levels of anxiety and/or depressive symptoms tend to experience more severe withdrawal sensations (Breslau, Kilbey, & Andreski, 1992), resulting in more difficult and less successful quit attempts (Anda et al., 1999; Zvolensky et al., in press). Such findings demonstrate the clinically-significant relations between negative emotional vulnerability and tobacco use. Addictive Behaviors 33 (2008) 1416–1424 ⁎ Corresponding author. The University of Vermont, Department of Psychology, 2 Colchester Avenue, John Dewey Hall, Burlington, VT 05405-0134, United States. Tel.: +802 656 8994; fax: +802 656 8783. E-mail address: Michael.Zvolensky@uvm.edu (M.J. Zvolensky). 0306-4603/$ – see front matter © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.05.001 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Addictive Behaviors
Object Description
Collection Title | Scholarly Publications by Carleton Faculty and Staff |
Journal Title | Addictive Behaviors |
Article Title | Linkages between cigarette smoking outcome expectancies and negative emotional vulnerability |
Article Author |
Abrams, Kenneth Johnson, Kristen Zvolensky, Michael Marshall, Erin Gonzalez, Adam Vujanovic, Anka |
Carleton Author |
Abrams, Kenneth Johnson, Kristen |
Department | Psychology |
Field | Social Sciences |
Year | 2008 |
Volume | 33 |
Publisher | Elsevier |
File Name | 040_Abrams-Kenneth_LinkagesBetweenCigaretteSmokingOutcomeExpectancies.pdf; 040_Abrams-Kenneth_LinkagesBetweenCigaretteSmokingOutcomeExpectancies.pdf |
Rights Management | This document is authorized for self-archiving and distribution online by the author(s) and is free for use by researchers. |
RoMEO Color | RoMEO_Color_Green |
Preprint Archiving | Yes (with link to journal home page) |
Postprint Archiving | Yes |
Publisher PDF Archiving | No |
Paid OA Option | Yes |
Contributing Organization | Carleton College |
Type | Text |
Format | application/pdf |
Language | English |
Description
Article Title | Page 1 |
FullText | Linkages between cigarette smoking outcome expectancies and negative emotional vulnerability Kirsten A. Johnson a, Michael J. Zvolensky a,⁎, Erin C. Marshall a, Adam Gonzalez a, Kenneth Abrams b, Anka A. Vujanovic a a The University of Vermont, United States b Carleton College, United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t The present investigation examined whether smoking outcome expectancies, as measured by the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (SCQ; [Brandon, T.H., & Baker, T.B., (1991). The Smoking Consequences Questionnaire: The subjective expected utility of smoking in college students. Psychological Assessment, 3, 484–491.]), were incrementally related to emotional vulnerability factors among an adult sample of 202 daily cigarette smokers (44.6% women; Mage=23.78 years, SD=9.69 years). After controlling for cigarettes smoked/day, past 30-day marijuana use, current alcohol consumption, and coping style, negative reinforcement/negative affect reduction outcome expectancies were significantly associated with greater levels of negative affectivity, emotional dysregulation, and anxiety sensitivity. The observed effects for negative reinforcement/negative affect reduction also were independent of shared variance with other outcome expectancies. Negative personal consequences outcome expectancies were significantly and incrementally related to anxiety sensitivity, but not negative affectivity or emotional dysregulation. Findings are discussed in terms of the role of negative reinforcement/ negative affect reduction smoking outcome expectancies and clinically-relevant negative emotional vulnerability for better understanding cigarette smoking-negative mood problems. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Cigarette smoking Outcome expectancies Emotional vulnerability Negative affectivity Emotional dysregulation Anxiety sensitivity 1. Introduction There is a recent and increasingly well-documented association between cigarette smoking and depressive and anxiety symptoms and disorders (Morrell & Cohen, 2006; Morissette, Tull, Gulliver, Kamholz, & Zimering, 2007; Patton et al.,1998). Indeed, epidemiological (Grant, Hasin, Chou, Stinson, & Dawson, 2004; Lasser et al., 2000), community (Hayward, Killen, & Taylor, 1989) and clinical (Himle, Thyer, & Fischer, 1988; McCabe et al., 2004; Pohl, Yeragani, Balon, Lycaki, & McBride, 1992) studies have found that daily cigarette smoking is more common among those with anxiety and depressive psychopathology compared to those without such problems. Other studies have found that smoking, particularly at higher rates, increases the risk for developing and maintaining clinically-significant anxiety and depressive symptoms (Breslau & Klein, 1999; Breslau, Novak, & Kessler, 2004; Goodwin, Lewinsohn, & Seeley, 2005; Isensee, Wittchen, Stein, Höfler, & Lieb, 2003; Johnson et al., 2000; Korhonen et al., 2007; McLeish, Zvolensky, & Bucossi, 2007; Steuber & Banner, 2006). There is also evidence to suggest daily smokers experiencing high levels of anxiety and/or depressive symptoms tend to experience more severe withdrawal sensations (Breslau, Kilbey, & Andreski, 1992), resulting in more difficult and less successful quit attempts (Anda et al., 1999; Zvolensky et al., in press). Such findings demonstrate the clinically-significant relations between negative emotional vulnerability and tobacco use. Addictive Behaviors 33 (2008) 1416–1424 ⁎ Corresponding author. The University of Vermont, Department of Psychology, 2 Colchester Avenue, John Dewey Hall, Burlington, VT 05405-0134, United States. Tel.: +802 656 8994; fax: +802 656 8783. E-mail address: Michael.Zvolensky@uvm.edu (M.J. Zvolensky). 0306-4603/$ – see front matter © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.05.001 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Addictive Behaviors |